10.14489/vkit.2018.08.pp.028-035 |
DOI: 10.14489/vkit.2018.08.pp.028-035 Беляков А. А., Гаибова Т. В. Аннотация. Рассмотрено приложение NP-сложной (Non-deterministic Polynomial) задачи геометрического покрытия к процессу размещения фотоэлектрических модулей (ФЭМ) солнечных систем электроснабжения. Даны описания основных положений методики оптимального размещения ФЭМ с учетом карты затененности, формируемой для заданного интервала времени. Проведен вычислительный эксперимент, направленный на исследование эффективности разработанного жадного алгоритма для монтажных поверхностей прямоугольной формы. Использование алгоритма позволяет снизить влияние ближней затененности и стабилизировать уровень выработки электроэнергии. Ключевые слова: геометрическое покрытие; оптимальное размещение фотоэлектрических модулей; жадный алгоритм; ближняя затененность; кумулятивное значение прямой радиации.
Belyakov A. A., Gaibova T. V. Abstract. The article presents the application of nondeterministic polynomial time hard problem of geometric coating to placement of PV (PhotoVoltaic) modules of solar power supply systems. The article deals with core principles of a method of optimum placement of solar PV modules that involves shadow sources profiling using triangulation scanning, and creating shading charts for a set time period, and module location maps following optimum PV module placement algorithm. The authors propose a mathematic set up of a problem of optimum PV module placement on a rectangular-shape mounting surface. Given problem data includes: a shading map generated for the expected operation period of solar power supply system, dimensions of a module and a number of installed modules. The sum of beam radiation projected onto the specified number of modules is used as an objective function. Basic problem limitations are PV modules disjointness within the mounting surface and the fact that all modules should be within the margins of the mounting surface. Finite capacity and equipment cost are also recognized. The article also presents a detailed review of steps of optimum PV modules placement algorithm based on the greedy algorithm for solving geometric coating problem. The results of the simulation experiment for geographic conditions of Orenburg region are given. A tree and a flatroof building were chosen as sources of shadow. The developed algorithm was implemented using WebGL, HTML5/CSS3, JavaScript, Three.js, jQuery.js technology stack. The algorithm efficiency was evaluated following simulation results comparison with results of manual PV module placement for landscape and portrait methods. Results of the improved targeted indicator for the landscape method appliedto a set of 15 modules are presented. The effect of a number of PV modules in a set on the algorithm efficiency is analyzed. Interpretation of algorithm application results is given from the economic point of view. The implemented algorithm reduces the impact of near shading and stabilizes the level of solar power generation within solar power supply systems. Keywords: Geometric coating; Optimum placement of photovoltaic modules; Greedy algorithm; Near shading; Cumulative value of beam radiation.
РусА. А. Беляков (АО «Оренбургская финансово-информационная система «Город», Оренбург, Россия)
EngA. A. Belyakov (Orenburg Financial Information System “City”, Orenburg, Russia)
Рус1. Alta Device Reports NREL Verification of 23,5 % Efficiency for Counter-Intuitive Solar Panel // The American Ceramic Society. February 8th, 2012. URL: http://ceramics.org/ceramic-tech-today/alta-devices- reports-nrel-verification-of-235-efficiency-for-counter-intuitive-solar-panel (дата обращения: 15.02.2018). Eng1. Alta Device Reports NREL Verification of 23,5 % Efficiency for Counter-Intuitive Solar Panel (2012). The American Ceramic Society. February 8th. Available at: http://ceramics.org/ceramic-tech-today/alta-devices- reports-nrel-verification-of-235-efficiency-for-counter-intuitive-solar-panel (Accessed: 15.02.2018).
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